Walled Obelisk in Istanbul
The Walled Obelisk, or Dikilitaş, stands as one of Istanbul’s lesser-known yet fascinating historical landmarks. Located in the heart of the city’s Sultanahmet district, this monument offers a glimpse into the ancient Roman period and a reminder of Istanbul’s long and layered history. Surrounded by the bustle of modern-day life, the Walled Obelisk stands quietly, bearing witness to the numerous empires that have ruled over this vibrant city.
In this article, we will explore the history of the Walled Obelisk, its significance in ancient and modern times, the key architectural features of the monument, and practical information for those looking to visit this impressive piece of history.
Introduction to the Walled Obelisk
The Walled Obelisk, which stands at the southeastern end of the Hippodrome of Constantinople, is a unique and striking monument in Istanbul. It is part of the ancient heart of the city, a region rich with historical significance and filled with remnants of bygone civilizations. The monument’s presence offers visitors a chance to connect with Istanbul’s deep past, from its time as Byzantium to its transformation into the magnificent city of Constantinople and, finally, to modern-day Istanbul.
The Walled Obelisk is often overlooked in favor of more famous landmarks like the Blue Mosque or Hagia Sophia, but its historical and architectural value make it a hidden gem worth exploring. It is one of the few monuments in Istanbul that remains largely unchanged since its construction during the Roman Empire.
History of the Walled Obelisk
The Roman Origins of the Monument
The Walled Obelisk was originally erected during the reign of Emperor Theodosius I in the 4th century AD, around 390 AD, as part of a series of renovations to the Hippodrome of Constantinople. The monument was originally an Egyptian obelisk, which had been transported to the city by the Roman Emperor Augustus. It is believed that the obelisk was initially erected in Heliopolis, Egypt, before being brought to Constantinople by Theodosius as a symbol of the empire’s power.
The obelisk itself is made of red granite and originally stood over 25 meters tall, though much of its base has been lost over time. The Walled Obelisk gets its name from the way it was surrounded and incorporated into a wall. In the late 10th century, the emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Constantine VII, decided to preserve and protect the obelisk by encasing it in a protective stone wall. The wall itself has an architectural significance, as it was designed to shield the fragile obelisk from damage while keeping it in place for future generations to admire.
The Obelisk’s Significance in the Byzantine and Ottoman Periods
For the Byzantines, the Walled Obelisk symbolized the continuation of Roman glory and the legacy of the Empire’s power. Theodosius I, who commissioned its relocation to Constantinople, was the last emperor to rule over a unified Roman Empire, and his reign is often regarded as one of the high points of Byzantine strength.
During the Ottoman Empire’s rule over Istanbul, the obelisk was still visible to those who gathered in the Hippodrome. Though the political context had changed, the obelisk remained a symbol of the city’s rich past and the legacy of its Roman and Byzantine rulers. The Ottomans, with their deep respect for the city’s history, preserved the monument as part of the city’s identity, integrating it into the life of the city while leaving its past significance intact.
Architectural Features of the Walled Obelisk
The Obelisk Itself
At the heart of the Walled Obelisk is the red granite structure, which stands about 20 meters tall today. The obelisk’s polished surface is covered in inscriptions that provide insight into the emperor’s role in its relocation to Constantinople. Originally, the obelisk’s upper portion was covered in hieroglyphics, a testament to its Egyptian origin. These hieroglyphics depict the reign of Thutmose III, an ancient Egyptian pharaoh. The inscriptions were later replaced with Christian symbols during the Roman era, marking the change in religious influence.
The overall design of the obelisk is simple but impressive, with clean lines and a tapered top that creates an air of grandeur. The craftsmanship behind the monument is evident in the smooth, symmetrical lines of the granite, which make it stand out against the blue sky of Istanbul.
The Protective Wall
What makes the Walled Obelisk unique, apart from its Roman origins, is the surrounding stone wall that encases it. Built in the 10th century, the wall was designed to protect the delicate obelisk from the elements, while also preventing it from toppling. The wall is constructed of stone blocks and is adorned with relief carvings and inscriptions that reflect the Byzantine Empire’s reverence for the monument.
The wall has an imposing presence, with its narrow openings that allow visitors to view the obelisk from different angles. The addition of the protective wall gives the monument a fortress-like appearance, making it appear even more striking in contrast to the surrounding landscape of the Hippodrome.
Inscriptions and Reliefs
The base of the Walled Obelisk is decorated with inscriptions and relief carvings that commemorate the emperor’s decision to move the obelisk to Constantinople. The inscriptions on the monument are in both Greek and Latin and record Theodosius I’s role in the relocation project. Over time, the monument has come to be seen as a symbol of the lasting strength of the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
The reliefs on the wall surrounding the obelisk feature scenes from the Hippodrome, including depictions of chariot races that took place in this legendary venue. The reliefs serve as a reminder of the importance of the Hippodrome, which was the center of entertainment and politics during the Byzantine period.
Visiting the Walled Obelisk: Practical Information
Location and Accessibility
The Walled Obelisk is located in the Sultanahmet district, at the southeastern end of the Hippodrome, not far from other major attractions such as the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia. This central location makes it easy to add to any Istanbul sightseeing itinerary, especially for those already visiting the historic heart of the city.
Visitors can reach the Walled Obelisk on foot from the nearby tram stations or by taxi. The monument is situated in an open public square, which makes it easily accessible for people of all mobility levels. There are no major physical barriers to approaching the site, and the surrounding area is a pedestrian-friendly zone, ideal for leisurely exploration.
Opening Hours and Admission
The Walled Obelisk is located in an open public space, meaning that it is accessible to visitors at any time of day. There is no admission fee to visit the Walled Obelisk, making it a great stop for those looking to explore Istanbul’s history without cost. However, visitors should note that the surrounding area can become crowded with tourists, especially during peak times of the day.
Photography and Etiquette
Visitors are welcome to take photographs of the Walled Obelisk, but as it is situated in a public area, it’s important to be mindful of other tourists who are also trying to enjoy the monument. Additionally, as with many historical sites in Istanbul, visitors should show respect for the cultural and historical significance of the monument by refraining from climbing or otherwise damaging the site.
Insider Tips for Visiting the Walled Obelisk
- Combine with Other Nearby Attractions: The Walled Obelisk is conveniently located near several other famous landmarks in Istanbul. After visiting the monument, take some time to explore the adjacent Hippodrome, where you can see the famous Egyptian Obelisk and the Serpent Column. Don’t miss the Blue Mosque or Hagia Sophia, both of which are just a short walk away.
- Visit Early or Late in the Day: To avoid the largest crowds, try visiting the Walled Obelisk early in the morning or later in the afternoon. This will give you a more peaceful experience, allowing you to appreciate the historical significance of the site without distractions.
- Learn the History: Take some time to learn about the history of the Walled Obelisk and the Roman and Byzantine empires that shaped Istanbul’s development. This background information will enhance your understanding of the monument and its place in the city’s historical landscape.
- Consider a Guided Tour: If you’re particularly interested in ancient Roman history or Byzantine architecture, consider joining a guided tour. Knowledgeable guides can provide detailed information and fascinating insights about the obelisk and its significance.
Conclusion: A Symbol of Istanbul’s Rich History
The Walled Obelisk is more than just a monument—it is a testament to the enduring power of ancient empires and a visual reminder of Istanbul’s rich, layered history. From its Roman origins to its Byzantine preservation, the obelisk has been a silent witness to the rise and fall of empires, and its standing today allows visitors to connect with the city’s deep past.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply someone wanting to learn more about Istanbul’s diverse heritage, the Walled Obelisk is a must-see site. As you stand in front of the monument, surrounded by the busy streets of Sultanahmet, you’ll be reminded of the city’s ability to preserve its history while moving forward into the modern world.
