Column of Constantine
The Column of Constantine, also known as the Burnt Column (Çemberlitaş Sütunu) in Istanbul, is a remarkable ancient structure that stands as a testament to the city’s rich Byzantine heritage. Located in the heart of Istanbul’s historic district, the column has witnessed centuries of history, transformation, and urban change. Despite the ravages of time and some modern-day challenges, the column continues to be an important symbol of Istanbul’s legacy. In this article, we will delve into the history, significance, architectural features, and visitor tips for experiencing the Column of Constantine.
Introduction to the Column of Constantine
The Column of Constantine, built in 330 AD, was commissioned by Emperor Constantine I as part of his efforts to establish Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire. Positioned in the heart of the ancient city, near the Hippodrome of Constantinople, the column was intended to symbolize the might of the emperor and his new capital. Over the centuries, the column has stood through numerous political changes, including the rise and fall of empires, yet it remains an important reminder of Istanbul’s complex and multi-layered history.
Today, the column is one of Istanbul’s oldest monuments and is still visible in the busy Sultanahmet area. Although much of the original column has been lost or damaged, the remaining structure continues to draw attention from both locals and visitors alike, providing a unique glimpse into the past.
History of the Column of Constantine
The Reign of Constantine I and the Foundation of Constantinople
Emperor Constantine I, often known as Constantine the Great, was one of the most significant figures in the history of the Roman Empire. His reign marked a turning point for both the Roman Empire and Christianity, as Constantine became the first Roman emperor to embrace Christianity. In 330 AD, Constantine decided to move the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium, a city strategically located on both the European and Asian sides of the Bosphorus. He renamed the city Constantinople in his honor, marking the beginning of its transformation into the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
As part of this grand transformation, Constantine ordered the construction of several monumental structures, including the Column of Constantine. This column, made of porphyry and standing over 30 meters tall, was erected as a symbol of the emperor’s power and the new imperial capital. The column was originally topped with a statue of Constantine himself, further reinforcing its association with the emperor.
The Column’s Early Significance
The Column of Constantine quickly became one of the defining features of the city. It was erected in the center of the Hippodrome of Constantinople, which was the primary arena for chariot races and public spectacles in the Byzantine period. As the city’s focal point, the column was placed in a prominent location where it could be seen by anyone visiting the Hippodrome or approaching the city center.
The column was not merely a decorative monument—it was a powerful symbol of the strength and stability of the Byzantine Empire, as well as a representation of Constantine’s vision for his new capital. The emperor’s statue at the top was said to depict him in a triumphant pose, celebrating his victory and the establishment of Constantinople.
The Column’s Decline and the Effects of Time
Over the centuries, the Column of Constantine underwent significant changes. In 1106, a devastating fire caused substantial damage to the column. Though it was repaired, the statue at the top of the column was destroyed, and the column itself began to suffer from the ravages of time and natural disasters. The structure also experienced further wear and tear due to earthquakes and other environmental factors.
The column’s appearance continued to change as Istanbul itself evolved. In the 15th century, following the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, the column became less central to the city’s identity. Though it was still a prominent landmark, it began to fade into the background as new Ottoman monuments, such as the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace, dominated the city’s skyline.
Architectural Features of the Column of Constantine
The Original Structure
Originally, the Column of Constantine was a massive structure made of purple porphyry, a precious and rare stone that symbolized imperial power. The column itself stood at an impressive height of 35 meters, with a large, circular base that was supported by a series of steps leading up to the column’s shaft. The shaft was smooth and cylindrical, with no adornment except for the statue of Constantine at the top, which was added later. The entire structure was intended to symbolize the strength and stability of the new capital of Constantinople.
In addition to the grandeur of the column, the surrounding area featured a large open space in front of the column, creating a grand visual effect for those who entered the city or participated in events at the Hippodrome. The area was designed to make a strong impression on visitors, reinforcing the importance of the emperor and the empire.
The Current State of the Column
Today, much of the original column’s grandeur is no longer visible. The statue of Constantine has been lost to history, and the original stonework has been weathered over the centuries. However, the column still stands tall at approximately 25 meters in height, offering visitors a glimpse of its once-majestic form. The base of the column remains intact, and the shaft continues to rise above the surrounding buildings, providing a striking silhouette against the Istanbul skyline.
One of the most notable features of the current column is its distinctive red hue. The porphyry stone, though weathered, still retains its deep reddish color, making the column stand out against the surrounding buildings. The column is also surrounded by a low iron fence, which helps protect the structure from further damage and wear.
The Column’s Influence on Istanbul’s Urban Landscape
The Column of Constantine is not just a piece of history—it is also a crucial part of Istanbul’s urban landscape. Positioned near the Hippodrome, the column once served as a central focal point in the city’s public life. The space around the column was often used for ceremonies, triumphal processions, and celebrations, making it an integral part of the civic and cultural life of Constantinople.
Today, the column remains a prominent landmark in Istanbul, attracting visitors who are interested in the city’s Byzantine heritage. It is located in a busy part of Sultanahmet, surrounded by modern buildings and cafes, creating an interesting contrast between the ancient and modern worlds.
Visiting the Column of Constantine: Practical Information
Location and Accessibility
The Column of Constantine is located in the Sultanahmet district, the heart of Istanbul’s historic area. It is situated near other important landmarks such as the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and the Hippodrome. Visitors to the Sultanahmet area will find the column easily accessible, as it stands prominently in the square just outside the entrance to the Hippodrome.
The column is in a pedestrian-friendly area, making it easy to explore on foot. Visitors can easily visit the site while also exploring other nearby attractions in Sultanahmet.
Opening Hours and Admission
The Column of Constantine is located in a public square, so there is no entrance fee to visit the site. It is open to the public at all times, although the surrounding area can be crowded during peak tourist hours. It’s best to visit in the early morning or later in the afternoon for a more peaceful experience.
Nearby Attractions
The Column of Constantine is surrounded by many of Istanbul’s most famous attractions. Visitors can easily walk to the following nearby sites:
- Hagia Sophia: A must-see monument in Istanbul, Hagia Sophia is just a short walk from the Column of Constantine. It’s a stunning example of Byzantine architecture and history.
- Blue Mosque: Another iconic site, the Blue Mosque is located across from the Hagia Sophia and is also within walking distance of the column.
- Topkapi Palace: The residence of Ottoman sultans, Topkapi Palace is a historical treasure just a short distance away from the column.
- Basilica Cistern: One of Istanbul’s most fascinating underground attractions, the Basilica Cistern is a short walk from the Column of Constantine.
Insider Tips for Visiting
- Take Time to Explore the Area: While the column is impressive in itself, take time to wander around the surrounding area, which is filled with historic buildings, cafes, and shops.
- Photography: The column is a great spot for photography, but be sure to capture the surrounding views to fully appreciate its context within the Istanbul skyline.
- Visit Early or Late: For a quieter visit, try to arrive early in the morning or later in the afternoon, when the area around the column is less crowded.
Conclusion: A Monumental Legacy
The Column of Constantine stands as a lasting symbol of Istanbul’s rich Byzantine history and its role as the capital of empires. Though much of its original grandeur has faded, the column remains a significant piece of the city’s identity. Whether you are interested in history, architecture, or simply enjoying the ambiance of Istanbul’s historic center, a visit to the Column of Constantine offers a valuable insight into the city’s past. As you explore the area, take a moment to appreciate this ancient monument and reflect on the centuries of history that have shaped the city into what it is today.
